Over the past few years, Baltimore has witnessed an alarming shift in its drug crisis. Alongside the deadly spread of fentanyl and synthetic opioids, another dangerous substance has emerged—xylazine. Often referred to on the street as “tranq,” xylazine is not an opioid but a veterinary tranquilizer that’s now being mixed with heroin and fentanyl. This combination increases the risks of overdose, worsens withdrawal symptoms, and complicates recovery efforts. For individuals and families already facing the weight of opioid addiction, this new threat raises urgent concerns. At Unlimited Bounds Health Services, we are committed to educating our community and expanding our treatment strategies to address this growing danger.
What Is Xylazine?
Xylazine is a non-opioid sedative approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for veterinary use, typically for calming large animals like horses. It was never meant for human consumption, yet its presence in street drugs has surged, particularly in urban areas like Baltimore. Users are often unaware they are ingesting xylazine because it’s mixed with fentanyl or heroin to enhance the sedative effect. Unlike opioids, xylazine does not respond to naloxone (Narcan), the life-saving drug used to reverse opioid overdoses.
While xylazine alone may not be deadly, when combined with opioids it leads to prolonged sedation, difficulty breathing, and a significantly increased risk of fatal overdose. It also causes severe skin ulcers and infections that are difficult to treat. The drug’s spread in Baltimore reflects a broader national trend, but local data shows its presence is intensifying and making the already deadly opioid crisis even more unmanageable.
How Xylazine Is Affecting Baltimore
Baltimore has long struggled with the effects of drug addiction and overdose, and the rise of xylazine has added another devastating layer to the crisis. According to city health officials, overdose deaths involving fentanyl have increased sharply in recent years, and many of those cases now involve xylazine. This combination leads to longer-lasting respiratory depression and more severe physical complications. Emergency responders have reported instances where individuals remain unconscious or unresponsive even after receiving naloxone, due to xylazine’s presence.
Local hospitals and harm reduction groups are now encountering more patients with necrotic skin wounds caused by xylazine. These wounds often appear on arms, legs, and even on injection sites that had healed previously. They can lead to severe infections, amputations, and a host of other long-term complications. In neighborhoods already strained by poverty, homelessness, and limited access to healthcare, these issues are escalating quickly.
Why Xylazine Is So Dangerous
Xylazine presents a unique and complex threat to individuals using drugs because it changes how overdose is experienced and treated. Most people familiar with opioids understand the role naloxone plays in reversing an overdose. However, since xylazine is not an opioid, naloxone has limited impact. This can lead to confusion during emergencies and increases the likelihood of fatality.
The drug also contributes to physical dependency in a different way than opioids. Individuals may experience withdrawal symptoms that are more severe and harder to treat. Furthermore, xylazine’s effect on skin and soft tissue causes open sores that are not only painful but also stigmatizing and isolating. These wounds frequently require hospitalization and prolonged care, making recovery more difficult for individuals who are already reluctant to enter treatment.
Signs of Xylazine Use
It can be challenging to identify whether someone is using drugs laced with xylazine, especially when it is combined with fentanyl. However, there are several warning signs that may indicate its presence:
- Excessive sedation lasting beyond what is typical for opioid use
- Skin ulcers or rotting tissue that appear suddenly or worsen over time
- Increased risk of overdose, even in experienced users
- Lack of response to naloxone during overdose situations
If you observe any of these symptoms in a loved one, it is crucial to act quickly. Seeking professional help is the best course of action to protect their health and potentially save their life.
Treatment Challenges and How UBHS Can Help
The introduction of xylazine into Baltimore’s drug supply presents new challenges for treatment providers, but Unlimited Bounds Health Services is actively evolving to meet these needs. Our team is trained to recognize and treat individuals suffering from xylazine-related complications. This includes managing complex withdrawal symptoms, addressing soft tissue infections, and supporting long-term recovery for those affected by this dangerous drug.
At UBHS, we offer a continuum of care, including Partial Hospitalization Programs (PHP), Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOP), and traditional outpatient services. Each treatment plan is tailored to the individual, and we provide both medical and therapeutic support for co-occurring disorders, trauma, and physical complications. Our integrated approach ensures that individuals impacted by xylazine and opioid use can access comprehensive care under one roof.
Addressing Overdose Risks and Harm Reduction
In addition to treatment, UBHS supports harm reduction strategies aimed at preventing overdose and promoting safety. While naloxone remains a vital tool, we educate clients and their families about its limitations when xylazine is involved. We also emphasize the importance of seeking emergency medical care after any overdose, even if naloxone appears to work.
Our outpatient clinicians collaborate with local health departments and outreach teams to provide wound care referrals, mental health counseling, and safer use education. This proactive approach not only reduces risk but also builds trust with individuals who may be hesitant to enter formal treatment. We believe that every person deserves dignity, respect, and the chance to recover, regardless of how complex their needs may be.
Why Treatment Matters Now More Than Ever
With the growing presence of xylazine in Baltimore’s drug supply, the window of opportunity for safe intervention is narrowing. Delaying treatment increases the risk of overdose, permanent injury, or death. At UBHS, we’re focused on providing responsive, compassionate care for people facing this evolving crisis.
We understand that many individuals feel overwhelmed, afraid, or unsure of where to start. That’s why our intake process is designed to be simple and supportive. Whether someone is ready to begin treatment or just seeking information, we are here to listen and help.
A Path Forward with UBHS
As the landscape of drug addiction changes in Baltimore, so must our response. Xylazine poses a serious threat, but it’s not insurmountable. With the right support, individuals can recover, rebuild their lives, and reconnect with their families and communities.
Unlimited Bounds Health Services is here to walk with you through every step of that journey. From managing complex medical needs to addressing the emotional and psychological roots of addiction, our team is committed to your healing and growth. If you or someone you love is struggling with addiction, especially in the face of dangerous substances like xylazine, help is available.
Recovery begins with one decision. Reach out to UBHS today and take that first step toward a healthier, safer future in Baltimore.